前段时间小编在本网发布《如何制造出更高一级精度的机床之“绝对平面”篇》之后，获得了不少热心网友的评论。于是乎小编在整理了更多相关资料后，为大家奉上《如何制造出更高一级精度的机床之“测量仪器”篇》，就机床制造过程中涉及到的测量问题进行阐述，如有不足，欢迎广大网友进行补充。

Some time ago, xiao xiaobian in our website "how to create a higher precision machine tool" absolute plane "after a number of enthusiastic comments. So small make up after finishing more related information to you on how to create a higher accuracy of machine tool "measuring instrument" article ", is involved in the process of machine tool manufacturing elaborates the

测量在机床制造的过程中可谓是贯穿全程，无论是配件制造、机床组装，还是检测精度、安装调试，都离不开测量这一环节。在测量中，任何一种测量的精密程度高低都只能是相对的，皆不可能达到绝对精确，总会存在有各种原因导致的误差。要使测量结果准确可靠、尽量减少误差，提高测量精度，就必须充分认识测量仪器的重要性。

precision. There will always be errors caused by various reasons. In order to make the measurement result accurate and reliable, minimize the error and improve the measurement precision, the importance of measuring instrument must be fully recognized.

要设计制造一台比现有精度更高的机床，零部件肯定得用现有的机床制造。从设计之初，就要考虑到各部分的公差跟配合，应力和变形，以及热影响和磨损，只要有图纸，想尽办法造出零件，合理装配就不是难事了。要从现有机床所加工出的零件中，挑选出符合更高要求的零件产品，这就需要人借助高级量具，选择出那些零件，来装配出更高精度等级的机床。

It has been reported that tsinghua university has designed and installed an optical mirror ultra-precision processing machine tool, which can process optical mirrors up to 880mm in diameter. They produced a surface roughness of 5 nanometres and a diameter of 400 millimetres on hard aluminium, and a non-spherical surface with a diameter of 100 millimetres and a surface

曾有报道称，看到清华大学设计装配了一个光学镜面超精密加工机床，最大能加工直径为880毫米的光学镜面。他们在硬铝上加工出了表面粗糙度5纳米，直径400毫米球面，用无氧铜加工出了直径100毫米，表面粗糙度8纳米的非球形面。注意，这里表面粗糙度的单位是只有微米千分之一的纳米了，8纳米只相当于20个水分子一字排开那么长。能够加工出表面粗糙度如此精细的球面，这其中一定离不开各类高端精密检测仪器的辅助。
随着时代的进步，越来越多的精密检测仪器开始在机床领域大显神威。有观点称“检测工具决定精度极限”，只有更高一级的测量工具，才能检测出机床零件和机床加工成品的精度。只有机床各部分零件的精度都得到提升，所组装起来的机床精度才会更上一层楼，这是得到一台更高精度机床的根本所在。

With the progress of The Times, more and more precision testing instruments began to show great power in the field of machine tools. It is said that "testing tools determine the precision limit". Only a higher measuring tool can detect the precision of machine tool parts and machine tool processed products. Only when the precision of each part of the machine tool is improved, the precision of the machine tool assembled will be further improved

有了高精度的零件，还需要精准的装配才行。作为一台机床，假设它的加工精度在万分之一毫米级别的情况下，那机床的零件本身误差是要控制在十万分之一毫米的，最后在装配过程中一点一点的由装配工人调试装配好。装配是一个很漫长的过程，可能在一个零件上就要拆装几十遍，装完检测，不合格再返工，再检测，再返工，直至最后检测通过，再进行下一步零件的安装。等到所有零件都装配完毕后，还要进行整机检测，如果精度达不到，又要重复枯杂无味而不得不细心谨慎的检测工作。

assuming its machining accuracy in the case of one over ten thousand of a millimeter level, the error is to control the machine tool parts itself in one over one hundred thousand of a millimeter, the last bit by bit in the process of assembly debugging assembled by assembly workers. Assembly is a very slow process, which may be on a part to dissect dozens of times, complete the testing, unqualified to rework again, again detection, rework again, until the

当以上所有步骤都完成后，我们才能通过更多其他的“手段”来进一步提升机床精度，而这些“手段”或多或少也离不开“测量”一词。例如光栅尺、机床测头、激光干涉仪等设备，都是通过实时测量来提升机床的精度，从而使得加工出来的物品精度达到更高要求。

testing, unqualified to rework again, again detection, rework again, until the last test pass, then the next step the installation of parts. After all the parts are assembled, the whole machine shall be tested. If the accuracy cannot be reached, the inspection work shall be repeated, dull and dull, and careful and careful.

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