影响因素分析
一、有利因素
(一)政策支持
2016年12月,工业和信息化部正式发布了《智能制造发展规划(2016-2020年)》。《规划》提出:2025年前,推进智能制造实施“两步走”战略:第一步:到2020年,智能制造发展基础和支撑能力明显增强,传统制造业重点领域基本实现数字化制造,有条件、有基础的重点产业智能转型取得明显进展;第二步,到2025年,智能制造支撑体系基本建立,重点产业初步实现智能转型。
The more intelligent manufacturing development foundation and the support, realize the basic digital manufacturing, the traditional manufacturing key areas about the basic conditions and key industries intelligent transformation obvious progress; The second step, by 2025, intelligent manufacturing support system basic establishment, key industries preliminary intelligent transformation.
同时,《规划》提出了十个重点任务:一是加快智能制造装备发展,二是加强关键共性技术创新,三是建设智能制造标准体系,四是构筑工业互联网基础,五是加大智能制造试点示范推广力度,六是推动重点领域智能转型,七是促进中小企业智能化改造,八是培育智能制造生态体系,九是推进区域智能制造协同发展,十是打造智能制造人才队伍。
Fifth, strengthen intelligent manufacturing pilot demonstration promotion, six is the key areas of intelligent transformation, intelligent control, seven is to promote small and medium enterprises eight is to foster ecological system of intelligent manufacturing, nine is promoting regional coordinated development of intelligent manufacturing, ten is to build intelligent manufacturing personnel
(二)发展潜力大
近几年来,我国制造业面临劳动力和原材料成本上升的双重压力,传统层面的成本优势逐渐消失,制造业的转型迫在眉睫。在这样的环境下,智能制造的浪潮应运而生,成为产业重要的增长突破口。新一代信息技术与制造业深度融合,正在引发影响深远的产业变革,形成新的生产方式、产业形态、商业模式和经济增长点。
The new generation of information technology and manufacturing depth integration is causing far-reaching industrial changes, forming new modes of production, industrial forms, business models and economic growth points.
目前,我国已有部分地区表现卓著,成长为智能制造的前沿阵地。浙江省海宁市则是其中代表,作为长三角地区最具发展潜力的城市之一,在新一代信息技术和工业融合发展大势中已具有一定的变革基础。无论从地理区位、经济基础,还是人居环境方面,都体现出卓越的优势和广阔的发展前景。
Some parts of our country have been outstanding, growing into the forefront of intelligent manufacturing. Haining, zhejiang province, is one of representative, as one of the most potential for development in Yangtze river delta cities, in a new generation of information fusion technology and industrial development has a certain basis of change in trend. Both geographical location, economic foundation, and human settlements show excellent advantages and broad prospects for development.
(三)阿里云用人工智能开启“新制造”
为制造业提供人工智能ET(人工智能系统),让工厂的机器及制造出来的产品也具备ET大脑,通过公共云的普惠计算能力以及物联网技术方案,协助制造业智能升级。这是阿里云ET在“新制造”领域的新动向,也是2016年12月15日于惠州收官的2016广东省大数据开发者大会暨2016云栖大会广东分会的一项重磅发布议题。
The more intelligent manufacturing development foundation and the support, realize the basic digital manufacturing, the traditional manufacturing key areas about the basic conditions and key industries intelligent transformation obvious progress; The second step, by 2025, intelligent manufacturing support system basic establishment, key industries preliminary intelligent transformation.
目前,阿里云正在搭建中国制造2025的架构雏形,为企业提供云计算的基础平台。基于云计算为社会带来的强大计算能力,人工智能将为中国制造业带来25%的生产效率提升,创造额外附加值6万亿。以云计算、大数据和人工智能为代表的工业4.0新技术将成为中国制造业提升效能的关键。
strengthen intelligent manufacturing pilot demonstration promotion, six is the key areas of intelligent transformation, intelligent control, seven is to promote small and medium enterprises eight is to foster ecological system of intelligent manufacturing, nine is promoting regional coordinated development of intelligent manufacturing, ten is to build intelligent manufacturing personnel
(四)制造标准体系逐渐完善
2016年8月,质检总局、国家标准委、工业和信息化部会同有关部门共同编制了《装备制造业标准化和质量提升规划》。《规划》中明确指出:到2020年,工业基础、智能制造、绿色制造等标准体系基本完善,质量安全标准与国际标准加快接轨,重点领域国际标准转化率力争达到90%以上;到2025年,系统配套、服务产业跨界融合的装备制造业标准体系基本健全,装备制造业标准和质量的国际影响力大幅提升。
strengthen intelligent manufacturing pilot demonstration promotion, six is the key areas of intelligent transformation, intelligent control, seven is to promote small and medium enterprises eight is to foster ecological system of intelligent manufacturing, nine is promoting regional coordinated development of intelligent manufacturing, ten is to build intelligent manufacturing personnel
特别强调的是:该规划围绕新一代信息技术、高档数控机床和机器人、航空航天装备、海洋工程装备及高技术船舶、先进轨道交通装备、节能与新能源汽车、电力装备、农业装备、新材料、高性能医疗器械10大重点领域,提出标准化和质量提升要求。
Some parts of our country have been outstanding, growing into the forefront of intelligent manufacturing. Haining, zhejiang province, is one of representative, as one of the most potential for development in Yangtze river delta cities, in a new generation of information fusion technology and industrial development has a certain basis of change in trend. Both geographical location, economic foundation, and human settlements show excellent advantages and broad prospects for development.
二、不利因素
(一)非刚性的市场需求
尽管信息化、自动化、智能化的广泛应用,是国民经济发展的长期主题,但智能装备领域公司的最终业绩表现呈现较大差异。智能装备产业需要企业长期的科技投入,形成产品创新能力,并为用户所接受。科技投入会消耗企业利润,短期难以收效。产品研发成功,又将面对不确定的市场需求。这些需求通常是非刚性的,尽管智能装备替代人工是大势所趋。微观企业经营者的信心、预期通常难以摆脱宏观经济的影响,致使企业家决策顺周期而非逆周期,宏观经济影响加重,看不见的手作用有限。
每个有活力的智能装备领域的企业都在寻找、发掘需求强劲、不受周期波动影响的刚性需求。面对需求,只有少数企业会凭借综合竞争优势,脱颖而出,发展成为行业翘楚。即便如此,成功的企业同样要经历大浪淘沙始见金的过程。
(二)成本加大
为进行从普通制造向智能制造和工业4.0战略的转型升级,各公司会不断加大研发投入,因此导致基础建设和设备投资较大,研发支出、人工成本等费用增长。研发和人工成本费用的上升可能引致产品利润率的降低,对行业经营业绩产生一定影响。
Some parts of our country have been outstanding, growing into the forefront of intelligent manufacturing. Haining, zhejiang province, is one of representative, as one of the most potential for development in Yangtze river delta cities, in a new generation of information fusion technology and industrial development has a certain basis of change in trend. Both geographical location, economic foundation, and human settlements show excellent advantages and broad prospects for development.
(三)产业规模效应有待增强
目前国内的智能制造装备产业整体规模还是偏小的,创新资源和产业资源分散于央企、校企,产业的体制机制不活,企业的市场开拓力不强,缺乏具有创新精神和国际竞争力的大企业集团,目前的智能制造装备行业对国内工业转型升级的促进作用亟待增强。
(四)整体创新能力有待提高
国内智能制造装备关键核心技术创新能力和高技术转化能力较薄弱,协同创新氛围不浓,产学研合作缺乏系统性和持久性,“重模仿、轻创新,重引进、轻开发”现象普遍,拥有自主知识产权和核心技术的产品少,关键技术及核心部件受制于国外,这将会使我国的智能制造装备产业在国际竞争中处于下风。
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